Title: International trade in an imperfectly competitive environment: mandated counter-trade

Authors: Peter W. Liesch

Addresses: School of Management, University College of Southern Queensland, Post Office Darling Heights, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia

Abstract: The phenomenon of counter-trade is not new, but one new variant of it is mandated counter-trade. This recently established form is practised as an offsets policy. Offsets policies do not have a common set of objectives and administrative machineries, yet they do have common mechanisms of operation and a common rationale for their existence. They have been adopted by governments to improve upon deficiencies in the market mechanism as a means of facilitating particular exchanges. This paper presents four dimensions of mandated counter-trade: technology transfer, trade-related economic integration, counter-trade, and protectionism.

Keywords: mandated counter-trade; technology transfer; internalisation; economic integration; protectionism; offsets policy; international trade.

DOI: 10.1504/IJTM.1990.025856

International Journal of Technology Management, 1990 Vol.5 No.4, pp.423 - 430

Published online: 25 May 2009 *

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