Title: Robotic formation: initialisation, trajectory planning and decentralised control

Authors: A.D. Nguyen, V.T. Ngo, Q.P. Ha, G. Dissanayake

Addresses: ARC Centre of Excellence for Autonomous Systems, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia. ' ARC Centre of Excellence for Autonomous Systems, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia. ' ARC Centre of Excellence for Autonomous Systems, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia. ' ARC Centre of Excellence for Autonomous Systems, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia

Abstract: Coordination of a group of mobile robots in desired formations requires an integration of motion planning and control strategies subject to communication bandwidth limitations. An architecture combining virtual structure and leader following techniques is proposed in this paper. The robots are initialised using a new Virtual Robot (VR) tracking and l-l control framework to establish an arbitrary formation without singularities involved and inter-robot collision. Path planning is performed using the modified A^* search, coupled with a proposed smoothing technique to generate feasible trajectories with mobile robots, dynamic and kinematic constraints taken into account. Safe trajectories are obtained based on the predefined formation configuration and the given workspace, where obstacles are avoided by adjusting robot trajectories or by changing formation of the robots appropriately. To accommodate the restriction in information exchange, a decentralised approach is proposed to implement the global feedback controller for the formation by using linear functional observers. The proposed architecture is tested through simulation and experiments to verify its validity.

Keywords: robotic formation; virtual head robot; l-l control; path planning; decentralised control; mobile robots; robot coordination; robot control; motion planning; virtual structure; leader following; robot tracking; tracking control; virtual robots; singularities; collision avoidance; robot trajectories; feedback control; group formation.

DOI: 10.1504/IJAAC.2008.020427

International Journal of Automation and Control, 2008 Vol.2 No.1, pp.22 - 45

Published online: 24 Sep 2008 *

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