Title: Securing vehicle network suspension control: lightweight homomorphic encryption with fuzzy rules

Authors: Zefeng Ding; Haili Tang; Xiaojuan Cao

Addresses: School of Automotive Engineering, Hunan Mechanical and Electrical Polytechnic, Changsha 410151, China ' School of Automotive Engineering, Hunan Mechanical and Electrical Polytechnic, Changsha 410151, China ' School of Automotive Engineering, Hunan Mechanical and Electrical Polytechnic, Changsha 410151, China

Abstract: With the rapid development of the internet of vehicles, electromagnetic suspension systems, which ensure ride comfort and handling stability by adjusting stiffness and damping based on sensor data, face critical data tampering threats. Malicious manipulation of data can lead to improper adjustments, excessive vibration, component wear, or even instability. Balancing real-time control, limited onboard resources, and data security is a challenging task. This study proposes an anti-tampering scheme integrating lightweight torus fully homomorphic encryption and fuzzy rule-based control. The torus fully homomorphic encryption method encrypts sensor data in transit, utilising torus fully homomorphic encryption, to ensure confidentiality and integrity while enabling real-time computations. Fuzzy rules handle uncertainty, allowing adaptive decisions on encrypted data. Simulations show that the scheme reduces sprung mass vertical acceleration by 35% compared to unprotected systems, with a total processing latency of 25.8 ms, meeting real-time requirements. It achieves robust tampering resistance, enhanced security.

Keywords: internet of vehicles; IoV; electromagnetic suspension; data tampering resistance; lightweight homomorphic encryption; fuzzy rules.

DOI: 10.1504/IJSN.2026.153819

International Journal of Security and Networks, 2026 Vol.21 No.2, pp.86 - 95

Received: 01 Aug 2025
Accepted: 22 Aug 2025
Published online: 27 May 2026 *

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