Title: Hybrid optimisation with multi-objective fitness for CH selection and effectual routing in WSN

Authors: Asha Rawat; Harsh Namdev Bhor; Mukesh Kalla; Manish Subhash Gardi; Sudhir Ramrao Rangari; Suvarna Prabhuappa Bhatsangave

Addresses: Department of Information Technology, SVKM's NMIMS, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India ' Department of Information Technology, K J Somaiya Institute of Technology, Sion, Mumbai, 400022, India ' Faculty of Science and Technology, ICFAI, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302031, India ' Department of Computer Engineering, JSPM's Jayawantrao Sawant College of Engineering, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411028, India ' Department of Information Engineering, JSPM's Jayawantrao Sawant College of Engineering, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411028, India ' Department of CSE (AI & ML), Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Nigdi, Pune, Maharashtra, 411044, India

Abstract: The wireless sensor network (WSN) contains a huge number of cost-effective and small energy-constrained nodes for network communication. Moreover, the clustering is considered as a major part of WSNs routing. Hence, this paper develops the Cosine Lotus Effect Algorithm (CLEA) for Cluster Head (CH) selection, and the Fractional Cosine Lotus Effect Algorithm (FCLEA) for routing. Initially, the network simulation is carried out, and the CH is done using the proposed CLEA with the fitness components such as link lifetime (LLT), delay, inter, and cluster distance, trust factor, and energy, in which, the radial basis function network (RBFN) is employed for energy prediction. The proposed FCLEA is utilised for routing, where fitness factors such as energy, delay, distance, and trust factors are utilised. Moreover, the FCLEA-based routing obtained the better average residual energy, distance, and throughput of 1.719 J, 7.068 m, and 431.8.

Keywords: LEO; lotus effect optimisation; WSNs; wireless sensor networks; FC; fractional calculus; SCA; sine cosine algorithm; RBFN; radial basis function network.

DOI: 10.1504/IJCNDS.2026.153758

International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems, 2026 Vol.32 No.3, pp.227 - 256

Received: 10 Oct 2024
Accepted: 20 Mar 2025
Published online: 26 May 2026 *

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