Title: Bio adsorbents properties for waste treatment: a review

Authors: Satyajit M. Deshmukh; Sonali R. Dhokpande; Amaya A. Sankhe; Ajinkya R. Khandekar

Addresses: Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra – 421301, India ' Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra – 421301, India ' School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalyan Campus, Maharashtra – 421301, India ' School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalyan Campus, Maharashtra – 421301, India

Abstract: Evaluating the adsorption properties of bio-adsorbents is essential for determining their effectiveness in wastewater treatment. Hemicellulose-based adsorbents offer valuable insights into adsorption mechanisms and rates. Adsorption isotherms define the equilibrium relationship between adsorbate concentration and the adsorbent's capacity. This paper explores the potential of natural and biological materials, such as fruit peel waste and chitosan, for removing pollutants from waste streams. Thermodynamic studies assess the viability and spontaneity of the adsorption process. Bio-adsorbents provide eco-friendly alternatives to traditional methods. Adsorption effectiveness is enhanced by understanding the physiochemical properties of materials, including seashells for heavy metal biosorption, influenced by factors like pH, temperature, and contact time. Various analytical techniques are employed to characterise adsorbents and their potential for wastewater treatment, including the removal of methylene blue dye. This research supports cleaner, healthier environments by advancing sustainable and effective adsorption techniques for wastewater pollution removal.

Keywords: hemicellulose-based adsorbents; carbon-derived adsorbents; polysaccharide-based adsorbents; sea material shells; herbage and forage; methylene blue.

DOI: 10.1504/IJEWM.2026.153406

International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 2026 Vol.39 No.4, pp.327 - 356

Received: 30 Jul 2024
Accepted: 29 Dec 2024
Published online: 07 May 2026 *

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