Title: An enhanced ground water level monitoring approach for sustainable water resource management

Authors: Deshmukh Sachin Chandrakant; Gosavi Shrikrishna Avinash; Vidyarani Kshirsagar; Satyawan Dagadu Jagdale; Badeghar Rameez Abdul Rashid

Addresses: Department of Civil Engineering, Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur, 413006, India ' Department of Civil Engineering, Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur, 413006, India ' Department of Civil Engineering, Fabtech Technical Campus College of Engineering and Research, Sangola, 413307, India ' Department of Civil Engineering, SKN Sinhgad College of Engineering, Korti, Pandharpur, 413304, India ' Department of Civil Engineering, N.B. Navale Sinhgad College of Engineering, Solapur, 413255, India

Abstract: Groundwater level prediction plays an important role in rational water resource management and sustainability as traditional models often fail to capture its complex spatial and temporal variability, reducing accuracy. To address this, a new Kolmogorov-Arnold Battlefield Network (KABNet) is proposed to support effective groundwater level monitoring. The approach utilises a multi-decadal high-resolution dataset, preprocessing of missing value handling and scaling normalisation for balanced scaling and removal of magnitude bias. Feature filtering is done using the Battlefield Optimisation to retain only the most influential parameters, reducing the computational complexity. The KABNet model is optimised and trained to obtain good spatial-temporal relationships for effective groundwater prediction. Python-designed, the method outperforms traditional models on the basis of mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R²). The model is a good decision-support system for water resources planning and management sustainably.

Keywords: groundwater level prediction; KABNet; Kolmogorov-Arnold Battlefield Network; data preprocessing; feature selection; water resource management; performance evaluation.

DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2026.153244

International Journal of Water, 2026 Vol.17 No.3, pp.286 - 309

Received: 23 Sep 2025
Accepted: 01 Feb 2026
Published online: 29 Apr 2026 *

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