Article: Occupational safety enhancement of EQ10 electric quadricycle through frontal rails optimisation Journal: International Journal of Vehicle Performance (IJVP) 2026 Vol.12 No.1 pp.21 - 51 Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) have recently garnered significant attention due to their environmental friendliness, decreased running cost and superior performance. Owning to the exponential growth of electric vehicle production over the past decade, safety inspections of EVs have become more crucial. Since the effect of the restraint system on the occupant's safety has been already investigated, herein, the impact of the crumple zone characteristics on head, neck and chest injury has been comprehensively studied. In this paper safety assessment of electric quadricycle named EQ10 during the frontal crash condition has been considered. The safety parameters including HIC, Nij and chest deflection has been evaluated as three output parameters based on ECE-R94 standard. Taguchi and ANOVA approaches also have been applied to optimise safety parameters. The achieved data affirms that in the optimised aluminium structure, HIC has decreased by 32%. In the optimised steel, HIC has decreased by 33%. Inderscience Publishers - linking academia, business and industry through research

Title: Occupational safety enhancement of EQ10 electric quadricycle through frontal rails optimisation

Authors: Mohammad Abbasi; Abolfazl Khalkhali; Seyed Amirhossein Ahmadi; Mohammadreza Mohammadi

Addresses: Automotive Simulation and Optimal Design Research Laboratory, School of Automotive Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran ' Automotive Simulation and Optimal Design Research Laboratory, School of Automotive Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran ' Automotive Simulation and Optimal Design Research Laboratory, School of Automotive Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran ' Automotive Simulation and Optimal Design Research Laboratory, School of Automotive Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) have recently garnered significant attention due to their environmental friendliness, decreased running cost and superior performance. Owning to the exponential growth of electric vehicle production over the past decade, safety inspections of EVs have become more crucial. Since the effect of the restraint system on the occupant's safety has been already investigated, herein, the impact of the crumple zone characteristics on head, neck and chest injury has been comprehensively studied. In this paper safety assessment of electric quadricycle named EQ10 during the frontal crash condition has been considered. The safety parameters including HIC, N_ij and chest deflection has been evaluated as three output parameters based on ECE-R94 standard. Taguchi and ANOVA approaches also have been applied to optimise safety parameters. The achieved data affirms that in the optimised aluminium structure, HIC has decreased by 32%. In the optimised steel, HIC has decreased by 33%.

Keywords: L6e electrical quadricycle class; frontal crash; simulation and optimisation; safety evaluation.

DOI: 10.1504/IJVP.2026.152818

International Journal of Vehicle Performance, 2026 Vol.12 No.1, pp.21 - 51

Received: 12 May 2025
Accepted: 09 Aug 2025
Published online: 13 Apr 2026 *

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Title: Occupational safety enhancement of EQ10 electric quadricycle through frontal rails optimisation

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