Title: The relationship between internationalisation strategies and human capital in Brazilian companies

Authors: Mara Mataveli; Juan Carlos Ayala; Alfonso J. Gil

Addresses: Departamento de Economía y Empresa, Universidad de La Rioja, Spain, Calle La Cigüeña, 60, 26004, Logroño (La Rioja) Spain ' Departamento de Economía y Empresa, Universidad de La Rioja, Spain, Calle La Cigüeña, 60, 26004, Logroño (La Rioja) Spain ' Departamento de Economía y Empresa, Universidad de La Rioja, Spain, Calle La Cigüeña, 60, 26004, Logroño (La Rioja) Spain

Abstract: This paper aims to investigate the relationship between internationalisation strategies of Brazilian companies, especially the entry strategies in international markets, and human capital. These strategies are compared with the human capital - general and specific. A sample of 318 statistically significant companies was collected from Brazilian exporting companies. First, a descriptive analysis was carried out and, second, an analysis of variance to find out possible significant differences between the strategies for entering foreign trade and exporting companies' human capital. It is found that the most frequent internationalisation strategy of companies is exporting both through direct export and third-party export. The rest of the strategies that are proposed are significantly less frequent. There are no significant differences between exports through third parties and general and specific human capital, nor are there significant differences between direct exports and general human capital. Statistically significant differences are found in the rest of the strategies.

Keywords: internationalisation strategy; human capital; intellectual capital; export; emerging economies; international markets; firm performance; foreign markets; access to external markets; Brazil.

DOI: 10.1504/JGBA.2025.151729

Journal for Global Business Advancement, 2025 Vol.17 No.4, pp.459 - 472

Accepted: 23 Sep 2022
Published online: 18 Feb 2026 *

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