Title: Using work study to improve efficiency: a case of assembly line micro-enterprises

Authors: Boysana Lephoi Mbonyane; Jan-Harm Christiaan Pretorius; Charles Mbohwa

Addresses: Department of Operations Management, University of South Africa, Nkoana Simon Radipere Building 4-55, Preller Street, Muckleneuk, P.O. Box 27392, Pretoria, South Africa ' Department of Quality and Operations Management, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, APB Campus, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa ' Postgraduate School of Engineering Management, University of Johannesburg, APB Campus, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa

Abstract: The integration of work study charts, diagrams and techniques is critical for the optimal operation of micro-enterprises. As the impact of these merging tools to improve efficiency in micro-enterprises has been inconclusive, this study aimed to explore the impact of a work study using process charts, diagrams and techniques to measure the efficiency of the bolts and nuts assembly line environment in Gauteng, South Africa. An observation survey was used to collect data targeting four workstations. Forecasting was used to ensure that data is adequate and consistent based on the planned reconfiguration for improved assembly line micro-enterprise operation. The results identified the application of the work study tools as having a significant positive impact to improve the efficiency of Gauteng micro-enterprises. The application of this strategy - merging work study charts, diagrams and techniques - will ensure that the operational performance of micro-enterprises is measured and the efficiency is improved.

Keywords: work study; efficiency; work study techniques; workstations; SMEs; assembly line; load factor.

DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2025.150897

International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 2025 Vol.46 No.4, pp.521 - 543

Received: 17 Mar 2023
Accepted: 10 Aug 2023
Published online: 05 Jan 2026 *

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