Title: Forensic DNA database: balancing genetic privacy and crime prevention

Authors: Ruqiya Jan; Mir Junaid Alam

Addresses: School of Law, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 (UT of J&K), India ' School of Law, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 (UT of J&K), India

Abstract: DNA profiling, a frequent tool for crime investigations, has in parallel facilitated the creation of forensic DNA databases, which comprise an essential investigative resource in contemporary criminal justice systems. While these databases have proven to help support criminal investigations and may even contribute to crime prevention and deterrence, the paper highlights how they also raise complex ethical, social, and human rights issues, particularly in relation to genetic privacy. Described as the 'future diary', since DNA contains genetic information which is permanent, deeply personal, with predictive powers, 'genetic privacy' mainly becomes an issue. The paper highlights how growth of DNA databases and the expansion of DNA collections have increased the use of DNA in criminal investigations, including use of familial DNA searching, raising further genetic privacy concerns. Though posing a significant challenge, the authors argue that striking a balance between the legitimate needs of law enforcement and protecting individuals' genetic privacy is imperative for ethical governance of forensic DNA databases.

Keywords: crime investigation; criminal justice system; DNA; familial DNA searching; forensic DNA database; ethical concerns; ethical governance; genetic privacy; human rights.

DOI: 10.1504/IJHRCS.2026.150549

International Journal of Human Rights and Constitutional Studies, 2026 Vol.13 No.1, pp.96 - 108

Received: 30 Apr 2024
Accepted: 24 May 2024
Published online: 17 Dec 2025 *

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