Title: The evolution of humanoid robots

Authors: Tejas Deshpande; Bhumeshwar Patle; Virendra Bhojwani

Addresses: Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT ADT University, Pune, 412201, India ' Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT ADT University, Pune, 412201, India ' Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT ADT University, Pune, 412201, India

Abstract: The recent development in the field of robotics has expanded the horizons for humans to make autonomous robots work with better accuracy and speed without human intervention in multiple industries. The introduction of bio-mechanics with Leonardo da Vinci's model widened the scope of robotics leading to the concept of human-shaped robots or humanoids. Today, humanoid robots work alongside humans as well as work without any human intervention. Humanoids study their external environment using multiple sensors and accordingly use artificial intelligence, which helps them analyse the situation and develop an appropriate response to external stimuli. From being extremely heavy and inefficient to becoming lightweight, sturdy, efficient, and possessing human-like intelligence, humanoids have been developed in previous years. In this review paper, we discuss the evolution and development of robotics, which caused advancements leading to the current generation of humanoids, while simultaneously classifying robots from each other using parameters like technological advancements and tasks performed which will help other researchers.

Keywords: robotics; humanoids; artificial intelligence.

DOI: 10.1504/IJCVR.2025.149828

International Journal of Computational Vision and Robotics, 2025 Vol.15 No.6, pp.682 - 705

Received: 24 Jan 2023
Accepted: 15 Nov 2023
Published online: 14 Nov 2025 *

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