Title: Battery pack thermal management system based on nanofluid optimisation of thermal runaway model for single cell batteries

Authors: Jiang Xu; Liang Yuan; Jia He

Addresses: Automotive College, Sichuan Vocational and Technical College, Suining, 629000, China ' Chengdu Panfeng Technology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610100, China ' Automotive College, Sichuan Vocational and Technical College, Suining, 629000, China

Abstract: This study enhances single-cell battery thermal capabilities with an optimised model using nanofluids. It analyses lithium battery heat transfer and conductivity, constructs 3D battery models, and optimises lithium battery runaway models. The research results indicate that compared with the latest phase change materials, the proposed nanofluid has more advantages in temperature control with a temperature difference of less than 10°C between 25°C and 45°C. The highest temperature obtained through numerical simulation is basically consistent with the obtained data. Under immersion cooling conditions, the maximum and average temperatures of the battery pack decrease with the increase of nanofluid concentration. The concentration increased from 0% to 5%, and the average temperature decreased from 57.18°C to 56.58°C. In the direct liquid cooling state, the maximum and average temperatures gradually decrease with the increase of nanofluid concentration. The research model can accurately reflect the temperature changes of the battery after thermal runaway. The research results provide a good technical reference for the thermal management of electric vehicle batteries and the development of new energy.

Keywords: nanofluid; thermal runaway; TR; battery pack thermal; finite element analysis.

DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2025.149586

International Journal of Power Electronics, 2025 Vol.21 No.6, pp.610 - 630

Received: 13 Nov 2024
Accepted: 26 Apr 2025
Published online: 07 Nov 2025 *

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