Title: Intelligent motor drive systems for electric vehicles: energy-efficient control of induction machines using field-oriented strategies

Authors: Tanushree Mistry; Sudhansu Kumar Samal; Smitanjali Rout; Bijay Kumar Paikaray

Addresses: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India ' Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India ' Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India ' Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Centre for Data Science, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Odisha, India

Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) are transforming modern transportation by offering an environmentally sustainable alternative to internal combustion engine vehicles. Enhancing the overall efficiency of EVs requires careful selection of motor drive systems and the implementation of advanced control strategies. The motor and its drive system serve as the foundation of EV propulsion, directly influencing performance and energy consumption. This review examines various electric motor types to identify the most suitable option for EV applications. Among them, induction motors (IMs) have emerged as a robust and cost-effective solution, currently used in approximately 30–35% of EVs – following permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) and brushless DC motors (BLDCs). Advances in control methodologies, particularly the adoption of field-oriented control (FOC), have significantly improved the dynamic response, torque precision, and energy efficiency of IMs. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into motor control has introduced intelligent, adaptive systems capable of responding effectively to real-time driving conditions.

Keywords: electric vehicles; EVs; induction motors; IMs; motor drive systems; field-oriented control; FOC; electric machine selection; energy efficiency; propulsion systems; adaptive control.

DOI: 10.1504/IJPT.2025.149507

International Journal of Powertrains, 2025 Vol.14 No.3, pp.240 - 263

Received: 02 Jun 2025
Accepted: 21 Aug 2025
Published online: 04 Nov 2025 *

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