Article: Virtual landscape layout generation using physically constrained particle swarm optimisation Journal: International Journal of Information and Communication Technology (IJICT) 2025 Vol.26 No.38 pp.59 - 74 Abstract: The creation of virtual landscape layouts is becoming increasingly important for the application of technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). In this paper, a method based on physical constraint particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is proposed to improve the optimisation and computational efficiency of virtual landscape layout generation. By adding physical constraints, the layout design can meet the requirements of real-world applications, and the computational efficiency and optimisation quality are greatly improved. Comparison results with other traditional algorithms show that the physical constraint PSO proposed in this study outperforms other algorithms in terms of compactness (0.92), objective function (0.85), constraint satisfaction (0.95) and feasibility (0.98). It also shows that it can be used in many different situations and is promising in producing virtual landscape layouts for the real world. Inderscience Publishers - linking academia, business and industry through research

Title: Virtual landscape layout generation using physically constrained particle swarm optimisation

Authors: Yu Chen

Addresses: Quanzhou Urban Planning and Design Group Co., Ltd., Quanzhou 362000, China

Abstract: The creation of virtual landscape layouts is becoming increasingly important for the application of technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). In this paper, a method based on physical constraint particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is proposed to improve the optimisation and computational efficiency of virtual landscape layout generation. By adding physical constraints, the layout design can meet the requirements of real-world applications, and the computational efficiency and optimisation quality are greatly improved. Comparison results with other traditional algorithms show that the physical constraint PSO proposed in this study outperforms other algorithms in terms of compactness (0.92), objective function (0.85), constraint satisfaction (0.95) and feasibility (0.98). It also shows that it can be used in many different situations and is promising in producing virtual landscape layouts for the real world.

Keywords: physical constraints; particle swarm optimisation; PSO; virtual landscape layout generation.

DOI: 10.1504/IJICT.2025.149291

International Journal of Information and Communication Technology, 2025 Vol.26 No.38, pp.59 - 74

Received: 19 Jul 2025
Accepted: 02 Sep 2025
Published online: 22 Oct 2025 *

Title: Virtual landscape layout generation using physically constrained particle swarm optimisation

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