Title: Solutions and behaviour of a discrete-time exponential system of difference equations

Authors: Stephen Sadiq; Muhammad Shabbir; Saira Ghafoor; Lubna Mustafa

Addresses: Department of Mathematics, Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan ' Department of Mathematics, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan ' Department of Mathematics, Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan ' Department of Mathematics, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract: In this paper, we examine the nature of solution expressions of three-dimensional nonlinear discrete dynamical system. We also determine the bounded nature and persistence, presence of invariant rectangle, presence of unique positive equilibrium, global and local dynamics, and rate of convergence of discrete-time exponential system of difference equations. Furthermore, local and global stability around the unique positive equilibrium point for the discrete-time exponential system of difference equations is determined. Finally, theoretical results are verified with numerical examples using MATLAB. Keywords: nonlinear exponential equations; difference equations; boundedness; equilibrium point; rate of convergence.

Keywords: nonlinear exponential equations; difference equations; boundedness; equilibrium point; rate of convergence.

DOI: 10.1504/IJANS.2025.148933

International Journal of Applied Nonlinear Science, 2025 Vol.5 No.1, pp.87 - 110

Received: 27 Nov 2024
Accepted: 18 Apr 2025
Published online: 04 Oct 2025 *

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