Title: Study on the surface and mechanical behaviours of bio AISI 316L stainless steel developed using wire arc additive manufacturing

Authors: V. Vinoth; S. Sathiyamurthy; U. Natarajan; U. Elaiyarasan; J. Prabhakaran; S. Sundaravignesh

Addresses: Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, 600089, Tamilnadu, India ' Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, 600089, Tamilnadu, India ' Government College of Engineering, Srirangam, 620012, Tamilnadu, India ' Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, 600089, Tamilnadu, India ' Government College of Engineering, Thanjavur, 613402, Tamilnadu, India ' Mount Zion College of Engineering and Technology, Pudukkottai, 622507, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract: Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a process of directed energy deposition technique, used to fabricate complex three-dimensional components. The components are manufactured by depositing metal layers on top of each other to get the desired shape. At present, WAAM is widely applied in the automobile, aircraft, die and mould-making industries due to its deposition rate, eco-friendly and higher speed, etc. Even though it has a good range of advantages, fabricating components using steel or steel alloy is difficult due to higher thermal conduction. Hence, in the present investigation, an attempt has been made to fabricate stainless steel (316 L Austenitic stainless steel) component with ER316 L consumable wires using metal inert gas (MIG) welding. Different welding factors such as welding speed, current, voltage, and gas flow rate are controlled. The effect of welding parameters on tensile strength, hardness, and surface roughness is studied. Tensile strengths of 530 MPa and 559 MPa are determined at the orientation of 0° and 90° respectively. The microstructure and phase transition of the fabricated sample is studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. Various pores are identified in the sample captured at higher magnification of SEM.

Keywords: wire arc additive manufacturing; WAAM; 316L stainless steel; mechanical properties; microstructure properties.

DOI: 10.1504/IJRAPIDM.2025.148799

International Journal of Rapid Manufacturing, 2025 Vol.10 No.2, pp.200 - 212

Received: 14 Nov 2022
Accepted: 07 Jun 2023
Published online: 25 Sep 2025 *

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