Title: An adaptive pandemic inventory model for time-constrained goods with income and price-sensitive demand with neutrosophic uncertainty

Authors: Suchitra Pattnaik; Jitendra Kaushik; Mitali Madhusmita Nayak

Addresses: GIFT Autonomous College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India ' Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India ' Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan,Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Abstract: This paper presents an economic order quantity model considering income-dependent end-item demand and cost-price-dependent input product supply. The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened consumer awareness of budget constraints when making purchases. In this context, we focus on demand based on customers' income and unit sale price. Additionally, the materials in question are assumed to have a time-varying degradation rate with a maximum lifespan. We develop a precise model to minimise average inventory costs. This model is classified into three fuzzy environments: general, intuitionistic, and neutrosophic. We utilise the signed distance process to defuzzify the demand and supply rates as triangular neutrosophic quantities. The neutrosophic optimum order quantity and overall cost are derived from these. Additionally, we compare the numerical results obtained under various conditions. Finally, the model is validated through sensitivity analysis and graphical representation.

Keywords: degradation; neutrosophic fuzzy; NF; pandemic; inventory.

DOI: 10.1504/IJAOM.2025.148399

International Journal of Advanced Operations Management, 2025 Vol.16 No.3, pp.286 - 308

Received: 12 Nov 2024
Accepted: 07 Jun 2025
Published online: 03 Sep 2025 *

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