Title: A review on experimental study of oxyhydrogen HHO blends with gasoline, diesel and biofuels in IC engine

Authors: Shrikant Bhardwaj; Arvind Jayant

Addresses: Mechanical Engineering Department, Sant Longowal Institute of Technology, Longowal, Distt. Sangrur (Pb), India ' Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, Delhi, 110006, India

Abstract: This review paper presents a comprehensive study on performance and emission characteristics of I.C Engines fuelled with blends of gasoline, diesel, bio-diesel and HHO/H₂ gas. In S.I Engine reduction in SFC, CO and HC obtained around 15%–20%, 19.19% and 19.12% whereas enhancement in BTE, ITE around 9% and 9.84% while decrement in NOx nearly 6.80% with lean mixture blends of Gasoline with HHO/H₂ in S.I engine. In CI engine reduction in SFC, CO and HC were around 8.55%, 16.64% and 24.39% whereas enhancement in BTE nearly 4.29% while increment in NOx around 5.08% when blends of diesel and bio-diesel with HHO/H₂ incorporated. Blended fuels with HHO/H₂ supply ≤ 0.3 lpm at a reduction in NOx obtained but with HHO/H₂ supply 0.3–3 lpm increase in NOx formation observed. SFC for different blending mixtures of fuels with HHO/H₂ gas decreases except contradictory results at 3 lpm in four-cylinder engine.

Keywords: IC engine; oxyhydrogen gas; emission; performance parameters; efficiency; HHO; fuel; review.

DOI: 10.1504/IJEWM.2025.148037

International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 2025 Vol.38 No.1, pp.55 - 84

Accepted: 06 Jul 2022
Published online: 15 Aug 2025 *

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