Title: Ethical implications of smart city applications on health and well-being of the society: a systematic literature review

Authors: Sakshi Gupta; Neeraja Lugani Sethi

Addresses: University School of Architecture and Planning, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India ' University School of Architecture and Planning, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India

Abstract: Smart cities aim to enhance the quality of life for citizens by leveraging information and communication technology (ICT). However, the adoption of ICT in smart cities introduces various ethical challenges. This study explores ethical challenges in smart city initiatives and their impact on health and well-being through a systematic literature review. Using databases like ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science, 25 publications published between 2014-2023 were analysed, identifying four key ethical concerns: data privacy, addiction to technology, inequality, and limited sustainable development. These affect citizens, organisations, and society politically, socially, and economically, ultimately impacting mental, physical, and social well-being. To address these, ethical considerations must be integral to urban and smart city planning. The goal is to cultivate a 'Healthy and Happy City' where smart technology and sustainability harmonise. Recognising ethical dimensions in urban development can create cities that advance technology while promoting well-being, equity, and sustainability.

Keywords: data privacy; ethical concerns; healthy cities; inequality; smart cities; sustainability; technology.

DOI: 10.1504/IJHRCS.2025.147387

International Journal of Human Rights and Constitutional Studies, 2025 Vol.12 No.3, pp.244 - 258

Received: 04 Oct 2023
Accepted: 29 Oct 2023
Published online: 15 Jul 2025 *

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