Title: A novel approach for watermarking medical images using electronic patient record data and a multi-bit-quantisation modulation method

Authors: P.J.R. Shalem Raju; Pokkuluri Kiran Sree; K.V.D. Kiran; Pilli Bala Venkata Raja Rao; M. Prasad; P.T. Satyanarayana Murty

Addresses: Department of CSE, Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women (A), Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India ' Department of CSE, Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women (A), Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India ' Department of CSE, KLCE/KL University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India ' Department of CSE, Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women (A), Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India ' Department of CSE, Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women (A), Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India ' Department of CSE, Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women (A), Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract: The increasing number of medical images and advancements in communication and computer technology has raised concerns about the authenticity of these images in e-health applications. The proposed method is a watermarking scheme for medical images using electronic patient record data. It aims to protect the security and privacy of medical data, as well as to verify the authenticity, integrity, and ownership of the medical image. It involves four stages: pre-processing, feature extraction, generation of ownership share, and copyright authentication. The scheme uses various techniques, such as active contour segmentation, nearest neighbour greyscale residuals, logistic-logistic system, Slantlet transform, singular value decomposition, and quantisation index modulation. The experiment of the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio evaluation. Numerous experiments show that the system is resilient to several attacks, as seen by its high normalised cross-correlation values and low bit error rate.

Keywords: watermarking; electronic patient record; EPR; medical image; quantisation index modulation; QIM; nearest neighbour greyscale residuals.

DOI: 10.1504/IJIEI.2025.146687

International Journal of Intelligent Engineering Informatics, 2025 Vol.13 No.2, pp.156 - 178

Received: 18 Jan 2024
Accepted: 03 Jul 2024
Published online: 13 Jun 2025 *

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