Title: Exploring the potential of e-textile platforms for innovative wearable biosensors using reduced graphene oxide-polyaniline and ruthenium (IV) oxide

Authors: Nurul Fauzani Jamaluddin; Fatimah Ibrahim; Aisyah Hani Zulkiflee; Aung Thiha; Bojan Petrović; Sanja Kojić; Goran M. Stojanović

Addresses: Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ' Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia ' Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia ' Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia ' Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dental Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia ' Faculty of Technical Science, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia ' Faculty of Technical Science, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia

Abstract: Wearable devices are becoming an increasingly promising solution in the medical field. They offer early diagnosis and effective monitoring to patients. E-textiles, a type of biosensor, has shown potential for use in wearable devices that analyse sweat pH levels. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two different thread sensing materials for pH measurement - reduced graphene oxide-polyaniline (rGO-PANI) and ruthenium (IV) oxide (RuO₂). The performance of these materials was evaluated based on their sensitivity, repeatability, and response time. The results show that the RuO₂ sensing material has a higher sensitivity of 47.7 mV/pH and a faster response time of 2.5-4 s compared to the rGO-PANI, which has a sensitivity of 54.2 mV/pH and a response time of 5-7 s. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that RuO₂ sensing material is a more suitable option for pH sweat sensing due to its higher sensitivity and faster response time.

Keywords: e-textile; rGO-PANI; RuO₂; sweat analysis.

DOI: 10.1504/IJNT.2024.146471

International Journal of Nanotechnology, 2024 Vol.21 No.7/8/9/10/11/12, pp.719 - 740

Published online: 30 May 2025 *

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