Title: Impact of final consumption on CO₂ emissions in Vietnam

Authors: Huu Nguyen Xuan Nguyen; Nguyen Quynh Anh Tran

Addresses: The University of Economics, The University of Danang, 71 Ngu Hanh Son Street, Ngu Hanh Son District, Danang City, Vietnam ' The University of Science and Education, The University of Danang, 459 Ton Duc Thang Street, Lien Chieu District, Da Nang City, Vietnam

Abstract: As a country vulnerable to climate change impacts, the rapid increase in CO₂ emissions in Vietnam recently poses a risk to achieve sustainable growth targets. In this study, the changes in Vietnam's greenhouse gas emissions during two periods, 2007–2012 and 2012–2016, were examined through 60 selected paths in each period using the environmental input-output (EIO) model and the structural path decomposition (SPD) method. The results showed that final consumption activities played a more important role in CO₂ emissions than emission intensity and input-output structure did. Moreover, the study also revealed that while the direct impact of final consumption demand on economic sectors led to a more significant increase in emissions, the indirect impact, in contrast, showed significant potential for reducing emissions as the supply chain expands amidst the country's industrialisation and modernisation. Based on the study results, some key policy implications have been proposed.

Keywords: structural path decomposition; SPD; CO₂ emissions; Vietnam; environmental input-output model.

DOI: 10.1504/IJEWM.2025.146389

International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 2025 Vol.37 No.1, pp.72 - 87

Received: 12 May 2023
Accepted: 18 Oct 2023
Published online: 28 May 2025 *

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