Title: Robust watermarking algorithm for screen-shooting images based on pattern complexity JND model

Authors: Jia Peng; Jiaohua Qin; Xuyu Xiang; Yun Tan; Dashan Qing

Addresses: College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China ' College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China ' College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China ' College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China ' College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China

Abstract: The popularity of smart devices has made it more convenient for users to take screen shots, but it has also made it easier to take clandestine shots, resulting in compromised and untraceable information. Therefore, this paper introduces a screen-shooting robust watermarking algorithm based on the pattern complexity just noticeable difference (PC-JND) model. This approach involves the utilisation of local binary patterns (LBP) for block filtering based on texture complexity in the original image. Stable feature blocks are selected and processed using the speeded-up robust features (SURF) algorithm to extract key feature points, defining them as the watermark embedding regions. Finally, the watermark is embedded in the integer wavelet domain's HH sub-band, guided by the PC-JND model. Experimental results demonstrate that this algorithm not only significantly improves the visual quality of images in a shorter embedding time but also exhibits enhanced robustness against screen captures from various angles.

Keywords: screen-shooting; robust watermarking; LBP; local binary patterns; SURF; speeded-up robust features; JND; just noticeable difference.

DOI: 10.1504/IJAACS.2025.145977

International Journal of Autonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems, 2025 Vol.18 No.2, pp.139 - 158

Received: 14 Oct 2023
Accepted: 12 Dec 2023
Published online: 01 May 2025 *

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