Title: Energy and trust-aware hybrid optimisation for RPL routing in mobile internet of things

Authors: C. Prabhavathi; S. Meera

Addresses: Computer Science and Engineering, Vels University: Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai, India ' Computer Science and Engineering, Vels University: Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai, India

Abstract: The RPL specification encrypts control messages, but internal attackers and self-serving behaviour can still exploit RPL. To encounter the issues of the lack of robust security mechanisms in RPL, this paper concentrates on the modelling of energy and trust-aware RPL routing models in mobile IoT via an advanced hybrid optimisation algorithm. This proposes the algorithm Manta-Ray Updated White Shark Optimisation (MRUWSO). The four stages are: DIO messages are broadcast by the root node, and every node that receives a DIO message updates its routing tables with the root. The optimal route establishment is done by a proposed MRUWSO algorithm. Thirdly, optimal routing will be done under the improved trust evaluation function that ensures the authentication. Lastly, if the preferred parent changes or a route is updated, every time, a DAO message needs to be sent. The proposed MRUWSO attained a minimal delay of 1.21×e⁻⁰⁷ under 500 nodes which is superior.

Keywords: RPL routing; internet of things; optimisation; security; link quality.

DOI: 10.1504/IJWMC.2025.145455

International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing, 2025 Vol.28 No.3, pp.273 - 288

Received: 06 Mar 2023
Accepted: 11 May 2024
Published online: 01 Apr 2025 *

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