Article: An investigation into the accuracy of reverse surface models of complex shaped hard tissues from data acquired with computed tomography scanning Journal: International Journal of Biotechnology (IJBT) 2025 Vol.15 No.1 pp.19 - 34 Abstract: In the present investigation, reverse engineering of customised medical implants has been investigated. Computed tomography scanning technique has been used to obtain data to reverse engineer Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) models of femur and tibia of the human knee joint. To replicate the fractured bones, various features such as holes, cavities and pockets have been created in models. Models have been investigated for accuracy over a range of slice thickness, slice spacing and smoothing of complex features. Results show that accuracy could be improved by reduction in slice spacing for the same slice thickness without any noticeable effect on the size. This may result in geometrically precise implants, shorter recovery time and enhanced aesthetics as compared to the standard size implants. Moreover, reduction of radiation exposure to the patients could be obtained for reverse engineering and clinical applications. Inderscience Publishers - linking academia, business and industry through research

Title: An investigation into the accuracy of reverse surface models of complex shaped hard tissues from data acquired with computed tomography scanning

Authors: Mushtaq Ahmad; Hassan Ali; Farukh Farukh; Samna Batool; Sajid Kamran

Addresses: Mechanical Engineering Department, Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan ' University of Birmingham, Dubai, UAE ' School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicestershire, UK ' Department of Medicine, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan ' Mechanical Engineering Department, Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract: In the present investigation, reverse engineering of customised medical implants has been investigated. Computed tomography scanning technique has been used to obtain data to reverse engineer Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) models of femur and tibia of the human knee joint. To replicate the fractured bones, various features such as holes, cavities and pockets have been created in models. Models have been investigated for accuracy over a range of slice thickness, slice spacing and smoothing of complex features. Results show that accuracy could be improved by reduction in slice spacing for the same slice thickness without any noticeable effect on the size. This may result in geometrically precise implants, shorter recovery time and enhanced aesthetics as compared to the standard size implants. Moreover, reduction of radiation exposure to the patients could be obtained for reverse engineering and clinical applications.

Keywords: customised implants; bone models; knee joint; computed tomography; radiation exposure.

DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2025.144597

International Journal of Biotechnology, 2025 Vol.15 No.1, pp.19 - 34

Received: 29 Dec 2022
Accepted: 16 Apr 2024
Published online: 23 Feb 2025 *

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Title: An investigation into the accuracy of reverse surface models of complex shaped hard tissues from data acquired with computed tomography scanning

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