Title: Customer satisfaction optimisation in a dynamic closed-loop supply chain under uncertainty

Authors: Hanieh Shambayati; Mohsen Shafiei Nikabadi; Mohammad Rahmanimanesh

Addresses: Faculty of Economic, Management and Administrative Sciences, Semnan University, Iran ' Faculty of Economic, Management and Administrative Sciences, Semnan University, Iran ' Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty, Semnan University, Iran

Abstract: Optimising the management of the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) has attracted considerable attention over the past few years. However, most researches in this area have only considered the cost and profit functions. In this research, the optimisation of multi-product CLSC considering customer satisfaction with dimensions such as quality, service level, lead time, and environmental pollution along with the profit function in different periods is considered. The uncertainty of demand in the form of grey numbers is considered. To optimise this NP-hard problem, a multi-objective meta-heuristic pareto-based enhanced firefly algorithm was used. The purpose of the proposed model is to determine the optimal production quantities of each product and finding the location of the warehouse at each stage and period in the CLSC. Finally, for the validity and analysis of the model, a numerical example has been considered.

Keywords: closed-loop supply chain; CLSC; customer satisfaction; optimisation; uncertainty; grey numbers; enhanced firefly algorithm.

DOI: 10.1504/IJISE.2025.144085

International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2025 Vol.49 No.1, pp.18 - 56

Received: 24 Aug 2020
Accepted: 21 May 2021
Published online: 27 Jan 2025 *