Title: Energy-efficient hybrid node localisation underwater wireless sensor network schemes

Authors: Parul Gupta; Wajahat Gh. Mohd; Nitin Goyal; Sachin Kumar Gupta; Ashutosh Mishra

Addresses: Computer Science of Engineering, J.B. Institute of Technology, Dehradun (Uttarakhand), India ' Computer Science of Engineering, J.B. Institute of Technology, Dehradun (Uttarakhand), India ' Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, India ' School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, (J&K), UT, India; Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Central University of Jammu, Bagla (Rahya Suchani) – 181143, Distt. Samba, (UT of J&K), India ' School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, South Korea; Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract: The underwater network consists of a huge number of sensor nodes deployed sparsely and interconnected with each node to gather information about the ocean. The method by which the location of deployed sensor node is determined is called node localisation. But it is difficult to achieve the exact location coordinates of underwater sensor nodes. There are several localisation algorithms for terrestrial networks but they are not feasible for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) because of the harsh environment of the ocean. In this paper, various UWSN localisation schemes are classified on the basis of range. Also, a hybrid model of node localisation is also suggested for better output and real-time detection of node positions. Here, various underwater localisation schemes are reviewed and compared to the existing schemes. This comparison is based on NS2 simulator parameters to showcase better performance out of existing UWSN localisation techniques. Further, this paper examined similar survey papers to identify subtopics that have not been reviewed till now. On behalf of reported research gaps from the literature study, an improved node localisation scheme for mobile UWSN to explore the ocean is proposed that will perform better in terms of delay, error, cost, and energy consumption for localisation.

Keywords: angle of arrival; AOA; challenges; classification; node localisation; received signal strength; RSS; underwater wireless sensor networks; UWSN.

DOI: 10.1504/IJES.2023.139201

International Journal of Embedded Systems, 2023 Vol.16 No.4, pp.245 - 254

Received: 21 Mar 2023
Accepted: 16 Sep 2023
Published online: 25 Jun 2024 *

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