Article: Social, economical, cultural and financial problems of female entrepreneur: a case from Pakistan Journal: Middle East Journal of Management (MEJM) 2023 Vol.10 No.6 pp.663 - 686 Abstract: Entrepreneurship plays a leading role in the development of the economy around the world. Entrepreneurship is also contributing to the reduction of unemployment especially in developing economies. According to World Bank (2022), the unemployment rate of in Pakistan is 4.3% in the year 2020. In the literature on entrepreneurship, the role of gender factors arose in the 1970s. Attention has been devoted to analysing the characteristics of female entrepreneurs in developed countries over the years. Many female entrepreneurs faced problems like economic, social, legal, and cultural environments at the start of the business or when they are operating their businesses. The purpose of this study is to examine the opportunities as well as constraints that are affecting women's entrepreneurship, especially in Pakistan. For this study, Gioia's research methodology was adopted. Primary data was collected by interviewing a female entrepreneur who is provides professional beauty services at the home of her customers. Using Gioia methodology, 1st order codes were developed based on informant responses. After that 2nd order theme and aggregate dimension were developed based on the literature. Inderscience Publishers - linking academia, business and industry through research

Title: Social, economical, cultural and financial problems of female entrepreneur: a case from Pakistan

Authors: Muhammad Kashif Aslam; Ahmed Abdul Hameed; Muhammad Waqas; Syed Shahzaib Pirzada; Muhammad Ali Hamza

Addresses: University of Management and Technology, C-II, Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan ' University of Lahore, 1-km Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan ' University of Lahore, 1-km Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan ' University of Management and Technology, C-II, Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan ' University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, UVAS, Syed Abdul Qadir Jillani (Out Fall) Road, Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract: Entrepreneurship plays a leading role in the development of the economy around the world. Entrepreneurship is also contributing to the reduction of unemployment especially in developing economies. According to World Bank (2022), the unemployment rate of in Pakistan is 4.3% in the year 2020. In the literature on entrepreneurship, the role of gender factors arose in the 1970s. Attention has been devoted to analysing the characteristics of female entrepreneurs in developed countries over the years. Many female entrepreneurs faced problems like economic, social, legal, and cultural environments at the start of the business or when they are operating their businesses. The purpose of this study is to examine the opportunities as well as constraints that are affecting women's entrepreneurship, especially in Pakistan. For this study, Gioia's research methodology was adopted. Primary data was collected by interviewing a female entrepreneur who is provides professional beauty services at the home of her customers. Using Gioia methodology, 1st order codes were developed based on informant responses. After that 2nd order theme and aggregate dimension were developed based on the literature.

Keywords: entrepreneurship; financial stability; Gioia methodology.

DOI: 10.1504/MEJM.2023.133769

Middle East Journal of Management, 2023 Vol.10 No.6, pp.663 - 686

Received: 17 Sep 2021
Accepted: 18 May 2022
Published online: 03 Oct 2023 *

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Title: Social, economical, cultural and financial problems of female entrepreneur: a case from Pakistan

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