Title: Fractal geometry based antennas and arrays: a review

Authors: Sanjana Mathew; V.A. Sankar Ponnapalli

Addresses: Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College for Women, Hyderabad, India ' Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, Hyderabad, India

Abstract: Fractals are self-similar geometric structures whose fractal dimensions are strictly exceeding its topological dimensions. It involves an iterative generating process that results in borders having infinitely minute and fine structures. Fractal term is originally an adaption of the Latin term 'Fractus' which means broken or fractured. Fractals can be defined as repetitive structures on different scales and it is also termed as self-similar structures. Because of this interesting property of replication, they are useful in numerous fields of engineering science and technology. Kim and Jaggard are the pioneers who revealed the applications of fractals in the branch of antenna theory. Based on the geometry of fractals, various microstrip patch and wired antennas have been reported in the literature for the multiband and low-profile antennas. This review paper has discussed about fractal antennas and arrays and highlighted the numerous properties of fractal geometries and their applications in fractal antenna engineering.

Keywords: array factor; directivity; fractal; fractal antennas; FRAA; multibeam; return loss; SLL.

DOI: 10.1504/IJSPR.2023.132516

International Journal of Student Project Reporting, 2023 Vol.1 No.3, pp.232 - 260

Received: 22 Sep 2022
Accepted: 04 Dec 2022
Published online: 25 Jul 2023 *

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