Title: Annealing effect on structural, optical, and magnetic behaviour in nanocrystalline SnO₂

Authors: Usharani Panda; Sushanta Kumar Kamilla; V.R. Rao Medicherla; Vasant Sathe; R. Venkatesh; Jyoshnarani Mohapatra; Pravat Manjari Mishra; Dilip Kumar Mishra

Addresses: Department of Physics, ITER, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar – 751030, Odisha, India ' Department of Physics, ITER, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar – 751030, Odisha, India ' Department of Physics, ITER, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar – 751030, Odisha, India ' UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Indore – 452017, Madhya Pradesh, India ' UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Indore – 452017, Madhya Pradesh, India ' Department of Physics, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar – 751003, Odisha, India ' Environment & Sustainability Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar – 751013, Odisha, India ' Department of Physics, ITER, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar – 751030, Odisha, India

Abstract: SnO₂ nanopowder samples are successfully synthesised by using the auto combustion technique and calcinated from 650°C to 950°C for 5 h. The Structural, optical, and magnetic properties of the samples have been investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns have revealed the rutile tetragonal structure of the synthesised SnO₂ nanoparticles with higher crystallinity and also the structure is not affected due to temperature variation. The formation of point defects like oxygen vacancies is confirmed from Raman spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra have displayed the presence of Sn-O bonding vibrations in the samples which complements the Raman spectroscopy results. Field Emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) micrograph has revealed the presence of voids in between the spherical grains. From UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, a decrease in band gap is observed, because of non-stoichiometric defects. The VSM results have confirmed the ferromagnetic nature of SnO₂ samples at room temperature which indicates SnO₂ behaves like an oxide diluted magnetic semiconductor (ODMS).

Keywords: tin oxide; auto combustion technique; XRD; X-ray diffraction; vibrating sample magnetometer; ODMS; oxide diluted magnetic semiconductor.

DOI: 10.1504/IJNBM.2023.132510

International Journal of Nano and Biomaterials, 2023 Vol.10 No.2, pp.68 - 85

Received: 10 Dec 2021
Accepted: 08 Aug 2022
Published online: 25 Jul 2023 *

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