Title: Performance analysis of the hard-decision cooperative multi-stage spectrum sensing for cognitive radio

Authors: Mohammad Hallaq; Wissam Altabban; Omran Abbas

Addresses: Telecommunication Department, Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 31983 Damascus, Syria ' Telecommunication Department, Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 31983 Damascus, Syria ' Telecommunication Department, Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 31983 Damascus, Syria

Abstract: The number of applications that depend on wireless communications is increasing consistently. Therefore, the spectrum, which is a scarce resource, is becoming more crowded. Recently, cognitive radio (CR) technology has stood out to be a solution for this issue. However, this technology still faces problems that drag its performance such as the hidden terminal problem which occurs while CR is performing the spectrum sensing process. This problem can be solved by using cooperative sensing, where we rely on multiple cognitive radios rather than using a single one. In this paper, the authors propose a novel cooperative spectrum sensing model with multi-stage local sensing. First, each CR applies two-stage local sensing, the first stage is energy detection, and the second is maximum-minimum eigenvalues detection. Afterwards, each CR sends its detection result to a fusion centre to make the final decision. The approach is analysed in light of different rules and parameters under IEEE 802.22 standard. Finally, the results demonstrate that the best fusion rule for this system is the majority rule.

Keywords: cognitive radio; multi-stage sensing; cooperative spectrum sensing; CSS; hard decision rules; hidden terminal problem; fusion centre; energy detection; maximum-minimum eigenvalues; MME.

DOI: 10.1504/IJCNDS.2023.131731

International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems, 2023 Vol.29 No.4, pp.359 - 382

Received: 02 Feb 2022
Accepted: 25 Apr 2022
Published online: 30 Jun 2023 *

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