Title: Learning from two meta-technologies - the grown (plastics) and the growing (EV batteries): evolution, potential challenges and considerations to manage

Authors: Maruti V. Khaire

Addresses: E-10, Tucker AWHO Enclave, Hadapsar, Pune – 411028, India

Abstract: The plastic material is one of great inventions in recent times which is having numerous advantages which makes it highly adoptable. Only disadvantage of the material is it takes very long time to decompose. Landfill, waterway logging, adverse effect on biodiversity and severe impact on ocean life are key challenges of plastics. Presently BEVs technology is growing and almost all the major automotive manufacturers are having roadmap for EV. BEV's are having advantages like low operating cost, lower emission, and lower maintenance. Limited life of EV batteries generates challenges of disposal in future like plastics. This paper focuses on the learning from the plastic evolution and utilising this learning to consider EV batteries' technology development and adoption. This paper focuses on battery material recycling and suggests direction of technologies. Avoid, minimise, reuse, circular economy and disposal are considerations for future battery technology development.

Keywords: plastics; economies of recycling; challenges of BEVs; electric vehicle; EV; battery technologies; landfill; battery types; battery materials; nickel; lithium; cobalt; Li-ion.

DOI: 10.1504/IJEHV.2022.127048

International Journal of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, 2022 Vol.14 No.4, pp.335 - 353

Received: 11 May 2020
Accepted: 16 Aug 2020
Published online: 21 Nov 2022 *

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