Title: Robust zero-watermarking algorithm for medical images based on Hadamard-DWT-DCT

Authors: Mingshuai Sheng; Jingbing Li; Jing Liu

Addresses: School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China ' State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilisation in the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China ' Research Centre for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China

Abstract: As the IT industry grows rapidly, information security is particularly important. Digital development is a double-edged sword for the medical field, which not only brings convenience to patients and doctors, but also has hidden dangers for information security. We propose a Hadamard-DWT-DCT-based zero watermark algorithm for medical images for the problem of privacy information leakage when medical images are transmitted on the internet. First, the raw medical image is chunked using the Hadamard transformation and produces a coefficient matrix, which is then transformed into a wavelet coefficient matrix, which can be efficiently compressed and stored. The wavelet coefficient matrix is then DCT-transformed to finally obtain the eigenvector. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is not only highly robust, and the watermark can still be effectively extracted against different degrees of geometric and conventional attack interference, but also can encrypt the patient privacy information contained in the medical image.

Keywords: Hadamard-DWT-DCT; invisibility; medical images; robustness; zero-watermarking.

DOI: 10.1504/IJWMC.2022.126381

International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing, 2022 Vol.23 No.2, pp.183 - 192

Received: 13 Oct 2021
Received in revised form: 01 Mar 2022
Accepted: 03 Mar 2022

Published online: 24 Oct 2022 *

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