Title: Estimation of the value of environmental impacts in coal mines using the life cycle assessment method

Authors: Frances Roi Seston Tampubolon; Arief Sabdo Yuwono; Armansyah Halomoan Tambunan; Noer Azam Achsani

Addresses: Natural Resources and Environmental Management, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia ' Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia ' Department of Mechanical and Biosystems Engineering, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia ' School of Business, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract: Energy sources used in coal mining require mass balance flow and balance. The research question is centred on interpreting impact analysis results with energy sources using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method in coal mining. These interpretations are categorised as global warming potential, ozone depletion, human toxicity potential, freshwater eutrophication, and land use. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effects of global warming, acidification, eutrophication, and eco-toxicity. It supports decision-makers, specifically in fuel, electricity, and water as energy sources, and impacts management schemes in Indonesia. Biodiesel and fossil fuels can be mixed in 20% to 80%, such as B₂₀. The results show the value of environmental impacts expressed in kg CO₂-equivalent of B₃₀ is 317 kg CO₂-eq. The highest marks from the category impacts produced with the outcome of 63.8% and 26.3% for coal mining. Finally, mixing biofuels and fossil fuels is becoming more critical as an energy source.

Keywords: biodiesel; life cycle inventory; global warming; eutrophication; ozone depletion potential; impact assessment; energy sources; environmental impact; life cycle assessment; LCA.

DOI: 10.1504/IJPLM.2022.125821

International Journal of Product Lifecycle Management, 2022 Vol.14 No.2/3, pp.107 - 126

Received: 18 Nov 2021
Received in revised form: 10 May 2022
Accepted: 01 Jun 2022
Published online: 29 Sep 2022 *

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