Title: Development of a multi-item scale for measuring Blue Ocean leadership

Authors: Wael Mohamad Subhi Idris; Taher Mohsin Mansoor Al-Galibi; Mohammed Hussein Manhal Al-Eesa; Zaina Mustafa Mahmoud Hamad

Addresses: Wael Idris Foundation for Training and Managerial Consulting, Jubaiha 11941, Amman, Jordan ' Department of Business Administration, University of Basrah, Bab Al-Zubair 61004, Basrah, Iraq ' Department of Business Administration, University of Basrah, Bab Al-Zubair 61004, Basrah, Iraq ' Department of Industrial Engineering, Toros University, Yenisehir 33140, Mersin, Turkey

Abstract: This study aims to develop and validate a scale to measure Blue Ocean leadership within five-star hotels in Jordan. A quantitative approach through a questionnaire-based survey of all the employees working within five-star hotels in Amman is used. A sample of 207 employees within the three administrative levels in hotels under study is selected. A structural equation modelling is conducted through both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to assess construct validity and reliability. Findings confirm validity and reliability of the developed scale consisting of four Blue Ocean leadership dimensions. This paper develops a multi-item measurement instrument for current multi-dimensional construct, and offers professionals and practitioners at all management levels a valid and reliable tool for evaluating and implementing this construct within their organisations, which will affect positively all stakeholders and allow organisations to achieve higher performance and manage organisational change with less effort and time.

Keywords: Blue Ocean leadership; multi-item measurement scale; scale development; structural equation modelling; SME; exploratory factor analysis; EFA; confirmatory analysis; hospitality industry; five-star hotels; Jordan.

DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.122743

International Journal of Business Excellence, 2022 Vol.26 No.4, pp.498 - 515

Received: 27 Sep 2019
Accepted: 23 Nov 2019
Published online: 10 May 2022 *

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