Title: A review of fuel cell technology for commercial vehicle applications

Authors: Tommi Jokela; Bill Kim; Bo Gao; Matthias Wellers; Zhijun Peng

Addresses: AVL Powertrain UK Ltd, Basildon, SS15 6LN, UK ' AVL Powertrain UK Ltd, Basildon, SS15 6LN, UK ' AVL Powertrain UK Ltd, Basildon, SS15 6LN, UK ' AVL Powertrain UK Ltd, Basildon, SS15 6LN, UK ' Faculty of Creative Arts, Technologies and Science, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK

Abstract: The demanding energy storage requirements of many commercial vehicle applications are extremely difficult to meet for pure battery electric vehicles (BEVs) due to the limited energy density of batteries. Fuel cells appear to be the only viable propulsion technology that is able to meet commercial vehicle powertrain requirements with zero local greenhouse gas emissions. Since almost all fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) contain a high voltage battery, some additional complexity is introduced since the hybrid energy storage system must be sized and controlled appropriately. An understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of each system is therefore essential in FCV design. The aim of this technology review is to provide an overview of fuel cell technologies in commercial vehicle applications including assessments of alternative powertrain and fuel cell types, advantages and disadvantages of fuel cell and battery systems and the implications of these on the powertrain sizing as well as control considerations of FCVs.

Keywords: fuel cell; commercial vehicles; powertrain; EMS; energy management strategy; electric vehicle; FCV; fuel cell vehicle; PEMFC; SOFC; solid oxide fuel cells; DMFC; direct methanol fuel cells.

DOI: 10.1504/IJHVS.2021.120915

International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems, 2021 Vol.28 No.5, pp.650 - 678

Received: 02 Oct 2019
Accepted: 28 Apr 2020
Published online: 17 Feb 2022 *

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