Title: Photon Doppler velocimetry measurements of the impact velocity during electromagnetic pulse welding of copper-steel tubular joints

Authors: Irene Kwee; Wim De Waele; Koen Faes

Addresses: Belgian Welding Institute, Technologiepark 48, 9058 Zwijnaarde, Belgium ' Laboratory Soete, Department of Electrical Energy, Metals, Mechanical Constructions and Systems, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium ' Belgian Welding Institute, Technologiepark 48, 9058 Zwijnaarde, Belgium

Abstract: Tubular copper to steel joints were manufactured by electromagnetic pulse welding, during which the impact velocity was measured with photon Doppler velocimetry. The reduction in inner diameter and the remaining cross-sectional area of the target tube were determined after welding. Tube-to-tube configurations with an internal support exhibited a larger remaining cross-sectional area, compared to the configuration without internal support. Moreover, for the tube-to-rod configuration, the initial velocity drop immediately after impact dropped down to zero, whereas for the tube-to-tube configurations, a velocity drop to an intermediate level was found. The velocity and acceleration increased with an increase of the discharge energy. The acceleration was positive up to at least 9 μs, with an expected turning point situated between 9 μs and 11 μs. The acceleration was still positive at the moment of impact at a stand off distance of 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm, but was likely negative at 2.0 mm.

Keywords: electromagnetic pulse welding; photon Doppler velocimetry; PDV; impact velocity; copper to steel tubular joints; dissimilar welds.

DOI: 10.1504/IJMPT.2021.115822

International Journal of Materials and Product Technology, 2021 Vol.62 No.4, pp.237 - 262

Accepted: 09 Nov 2020
Published online: 24 Jun 2021 *

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