Title: A low-complexity volumetric model with dynamic inter-connections to represent human liver in surgical simulators

Authors: Sepide Farhang; Amir Hossein Foruzan

Addresses: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Shahed University, Persian Gulf Highway, 33191-18651 Tehran, Iran ' Department of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Shahed University, Persian Gulf Highway, 33191-18651 Tehran, Iran

Abstract: We propose a method for visualisation of the human liver to represent nonlinear behaviour of the tissue and to preserve the object's volume. Our multi-scale model uses dynamic interconnections to keep the size of the gland. We introduce two new parameters to control the influence of an external force on the nonlinear material of the liver. Another novelty in the proposed method is to design a multi-dimension data structure which makes it possible to run our code on conventional CPUs and in real-time. We evaluated the proposed algorithm both quantitatively and qualitatively by synthetic and clinical data. Our model preserved 98.4% and 94.1% of a typical volume in small and large deformation, respectively. The run-time of our model was 0.115 second. Our model preserves the volume of a liver during both small and large deformations and our results are comparable with recent methods.

Keywords: medical virtual reality; mass-spring model; liver surgical simulator; volumetric mesh; multi-scale mesh model.

DOI: 10.1504/IJMEI.2021.113392

International Journal of Medical Engineering and Informatics, 2021 Vol.13 No.2, pp.121 - 128

Received: 25 Oct 2018
Accepted: 06 Mar 2019
Published online: 03 Mar 2021 *

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