Title: Introducing robustness in DBR routing protocol

Authors: Tariq Mahmood; Faheem Akhtar; Khalil Ur Rehman; Muhammad Azeem; Azhar Imran Mudassir; Sher Muhammad Daudpota

Addresses: Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Divison of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54000, Pakistan ' Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Department of Computer Science, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan ' Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Department of Computer Science and IT, University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan ' Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China ' Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China ' Department of Computer Science, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan

Abstract: Exploration of advanced technologies employed for streamlining UWSN devices is a hot issue. Challenges faced by UWSN are high power consumption, increased propagation latency and dynamic topology of nodes. Depth-based routing protocols are designed to cope these challenges that use depth information to forward data toward surface sink. Depth-based routing and energy efficient depth-based routing are widely used routing protocols in UWSN. DBR has low stability period due to un-necessary data forwarding and high load on mid and low-depth nodes. In DBR quick energy consumption of nodes creates large holes in the network. The path connectivity hole leads retransmission of packets that consumes excessive energy, route-update cost and end-to-end delay. In this paper, the proposed robust depth-based routing protocol is used to overcome deficiencies of DBR by limiting number of forwarding nodes considering variation in depth-threshold, holding-time and distance-differences to minimise end-to-end delay.

Keywords: underwater wireless sensor network; UWSN; UWSN routing protocols; depth-based routing; DBR; robust depth-based routing; RDBR; neighbour nodes information; depth-based routing; reliability; E2E delay; throughput.

DOI: 10.1504/IJCNDS.2020.106356

International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems, 2020 Vol.24 No.3, pp.316 - 338

Received: 23 Oct 2018
Accepted: 27 Nov 2018
Published online: 02 Apr 2020 *

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