Article: How do energy consumption, output, energy price, and population growth correlate with CO2 emissions in Liberia? Journal: International Journal of Global Environmental Issues (IJGENVI) 2019 Vol.18 No.3 pp.209 - 235 Abstract: Researches that provide insights on major environmental matters are necessary for policy decision making in Liberia. Therefore, we employ autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to gauge short-and-long-run associations between CO2 emissions and Liberia's key macroeconomic variables. The ARDL long-run outcomes are compared against results from dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) approach. The short-run outcomes reveal that energy consumption (EC) and real output (GDP) have significant positive impacts on CO2 emissions in Liberia. In the long-run, both ARDL and DOLS estimates show significant positive impacts of EC, real GDP and oil price on CO2 emissions. Hence, we find the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for Liberia. Therefore, we argue that EC is the main factor that promotes economic growth in Liberia, but growth in EC and real GDP stimulate CO2 emissions growth. Thus, new carbon free technologies that reduce dependence on primary energy use are required. Inderscience Publishers - linking academia, business and industry through research

Title: How do energy consumption, output, energy price, and population growth correlate with CO₂ emissions in Liberia?

Authors: Abimelech Paye Gbatu; Zhen Wang; Presley K. Wesseh Junior; Vamuyan A. Sesay

Addresses: Academy of Chinese Energy Strategy, China University of Petroleum – Beijing, 18 Fuxue Road, Changping, Beijing 102249, China; Cuttington University, Suakoko, Bong County, Liberia; Bong County Technical College, Gboveh Hill Community, Gbarnga, Bong County, Liberia ' Academy of Chinese Energy Strategy, China University of Petroleum – Beijing, 18 Fuxue Road, Changping, Beijing 102249, China ' China Center for Energy Economics Research, College of Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China ' Ministry of Finance and Development Planning, Department of Economic Management, Monrovia, Liberia

Abstract: Researches that provide insights on major environmental matters are necessary for policy decision making in Liberia. Therefore, we employ autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to gauge short-and-long-run associations between CO₂ emissions and Liberia's key macroeconomic variables. The ARDL long-run outcomes are compared against results from dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) approach. The short-run outcomes reveal that energy consumption (EC) and real output (GDP) have significant positive impacts on CO₂ emissions in Liberia. In the long-run, both ARDL and DOLS estimates show significant positive impacts of EC, real GDP and oil price on CO₂ emissions. Hence, we find the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for Liberia. Therefore, we argue that EC is the main factor that promotes economic growth in Liberia, but growth in EC and real GDP stimulate CO₂ emissions growth. Thus, new carbon free technologies that reduce dependence on primary energy use are required.

Keywords: autoregressive distributed lag model; ARDL; economic growth; energy consumption; CO₂ emissions; environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis; EKC; Liberia.

DOI: 10.1504/IJGENVI.2019.102776

International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, 2019 Vol.18 No.3, pp.209 - 235

Accepted: 02 May 2019
Published online: 03 Oct 2019 *

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Title: How do energy consumption, output, energy price, and population growth correlate with CO2 emissions in Liberia?

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Title: How do energy consumption, output, energy price, and population growth correlate with CO₂ emissions in Liberia?