Article: Model predictive control-based frequency regulation and photovoltaic fluctuation suppression for high-inertia asynchronous grids Journal: International Journal of Information and Communication Technology (IJICT) 2026 Vol.27 No.96 pp.44 - 62 Abstract: High penetration of photovoltaic power poses a dual challenge to asynchronous power grids: insufficient inertia support and output fluctuations. Traditional strategies struggle to coordinate the complementary characteristics of photovoltaic, energy storage, and load resources on a millisecond-to-second timescale. This paper proposes a source-load-storage coordinated frequency regulation strategy: first, photovoltaic fluctuations are isolated using adaptive variational modal decomposition; then, model predictive control is employed to uniformly allocate the load to energy storage, photovoltaic derating, and shiftable loads. Simulation results on an enhanced 39-node IEEE system demonstrate that the peak frequency deviation is reduced from 0.32 Hz to 0.12 Hz, representing a 62.5% improvement; the fluctuation rate of photovoltaic grid-connected power decreases from 15.8% to 12.4%; and the average daily charge-discharge cycles of energy storage are reduced from 12 to 7. This strategy leverages the high inertia characteristics of asynchronous grids to create a time window for slow-responding loads. Inderscience Publishers - linking academia, business and industry through research

Title: Model predictive control-based frequency regulation and photovoltaic fluctuation suppression for high-inertia asynchronous grids

Authors: Fengming Xia; Jiefeng Liu

Addresses: State Energy Tengxian Energy Development Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530004, China ' College of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China

Abstract: High penetration of photovoltaic power poses a dual challenge to asynchronous power grids: insufficient inertia support and output fluctuations. Traditional strategies struggle to coordinate the complementary characteristics of photovoltaic, energy storage, and load resources on a millisecond-to-second timescale. This paper proposes a source-load-storage coordinated frequency regulation strategy: first, photovoltaic fluctuations are isolated using adaptive variational modal decomposition; then, model predictive control is employed to uniformly allocate the load to energy storage, photovoltaic derating, and shiftable loads. Simulation results on an enhanced 39-node IEEE system demonstrate that the peak frequency deviation is reduced from 0.32 Hz to 0.12 Hz, representing a 62.5% improvement; the fluctuation rate of photovoltaic grid-connected power decreases from 15.8% to 12.4%; and the average daily charge-discharge cycles of energy storage are reduced from 12 to 7. This strategy leverages the high inertia characteristics of asynchronous grids to create a time window for slow-responding loads.

Keywords: high-inertia asynchronous grid; source-load-storage coordination; model predictive control; variational modal decomposition; frequency damping.

DOI: 10.1504/IJICT.2026.156193

International Journal of Information and Communication Technology, 2026 Vol.27 No.96, pp.44 - 62

Received: 13 May 2026
Accepted: 18 Jun 2026
Published online: 07 Sep 2026 *

Title: Model predictive control-based frequency regulation and photovoltaic fluctuation suppression for high-inertia asynchronous grids

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