Title: Design of compact flexible MIMO antenna for 5G sub 6 GHz application

Authors: Dharmendra Kumar; Balwinder Singh Dhaliwal; Garima Saini

Addresses: Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chandigarh, 160019, India ' Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chandigarh, 160019, India ' Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chandigarh, 160019, India

Abstract: The antenna is fabricated on a low-loss Rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate and incorporates fractal geometry based on Koch and Minkowski curves to achieve size reduction and gain enhancement. A ground slot is introduced to enhance gain and reduce mutual coupling. The proposed antenna operates effectively in the 1-3 GHz frequency range and resonates at 2.6 GHz with a bandwidth of 200 MHz. Simulation and experimental validation using HFSS and a vector network analyser show that the antenna achieves a peak gain of 4.3 dB, mutual coupling better than -30 dB, envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) obtain less than 0.05, and channel capacitance loss (CCL) of 0.005. Compared to existing sub 6 GHz MIMO antennas, the proposed design offers superior isolation, gain, and structural flexibility while maintaining compact size and simplicity. These results make the antenna well-suited for 5G, IoT, and other wireless communication platforms requiring compact and high-performance solutions.

Keywords: MIMO; 5G; Rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate; Koch or Minkowski curve; envelope correlation coefficient; diversity gain; and mean effective gain.

DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.156028

International Journal of Power Electronics, 2026 Vol.22 No.5, pp.527 - 547

Received: 31 Mar 2025
Accepted: 29 Sep 2025
Published online: 01 Sep 2026 *

Full-text access for editors Full-text access for subscribers Purchase this article Comment on this article