Title: Social capital formation in Zhihu and Xiaohongshu: a comparative study of interest-oriented virtual communities

Authors: Jinyan Liao; Sameer Kumar; Fumitaka Furuoka

Addresses: Asia-Europe Institute, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia ' Asia-Europe Institute, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia ' Asia-Europe Institute, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia

Abstract: With the rise of digital platforms, virtual communities have become essential for knowledge sharing and social capital construction. This study explores social capital formation in interest-driven online platforms, focusing on Zhihu and Xiaohongshu. Using social capital theory, we examine trust mechanisms, reciprocal cooperation, and the evolution of interpersonal networks within these communities. The study finds that user interactions driven by shared interests not only build trust and belonging but also enhances knowledge dissemination and innovation. Effective incentive mechanisms and content management strategies boost participation and interaction quality, promoting social capital accumulation. The paper highlights the interplay between structural, relational, and cognitive social capital in fostering knowledge sharing and sustainable community development, providing valuable insights for optimising virtual community management. Additionally, the study identifies several emergent patterns that offer new perspectives on how micro-niche groups and weak ties contribute to social capital development.

Keywords: virtual community; social capital; knowledge sharing; interest-driven community; incentive mechanism; social interaction.

DOI: 10.1504/IJKMS.2026.155234

International Journal of Knowledge Management Studies, 2026 Vol.17 No.3, pp.325 - 344

Received: 06 Dec 2024
Accepted: 18 Nov 2025
Published online: 29 Jul 2026 *

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