Title: Wireless communication clustering routing design based on improved whale optimisation algorithm

Authors: Kui Li

Addresses: School of Optoelectronic and Information Technology, Zhongshan Torch Polytechnic, Zhongshan, 528436, China

Abstract: With advancing wireless communication technology, managing and optimising wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has become crucial. This study develops a clustering routing strategy based on an enhanced whale optimisation algorithm (WOA) to improve network lifespan and data transmission efficiency. By integrating quantum computing and cloning operators, the algorithm optimises cluster head selection and data transmission paths, effectively extending network lifecycle and enhancing performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods in node deployment, throughput (exceeding 350 TPS), packet reception, and transmission delay. At 1,800 rounds, its packet reception rate is significantly higher than competitors, while maintaining the slowest energy consumption growth (below 0.35). Additionally, it sustains the highest number of surviving nodes throughout most operational cycles. Simulations confirm the algorithm's efficiency and reliability in WSN clustering routing, offering a theoretical and technical foundation for energy-efficient, high-performance networks.

Keywords: wireless sensor network; WSN; cluster routing; whale optimisation algorithm; WOA; quantum computing; cloning operator.

DOI: 10.1504/IJSCC.2026.155214

International Journal of Systems, Control and Communications, 2026 Vol.17 No.3, pp.251 - 268

Received: 27 Apr 2025
Accepted: 09 Jun 2025
Published online: 29 Jul 2026 *

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