Title: Enhanced maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic systems using a novel sine cosine algorithm with pattern search

Authors: Muzammil Ahmed

Addresses: School of Electrical and Computer Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India

Abstract: This research introduces a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for photovoltaic (PV) systems, combining the sine cosine algorithm with pattern search (SCA-PS) to optimise power extraction under diverse environmental conditions. The SCA-PS method is rigorously compared to the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm through extensive simulations, evaluating performance across uniform irradiance and partial shading scenarios. A robust mathematical model underpins the PV system and MPPT algorithms, ensuring theoretical rigor. Simulations, implemented in Python using NumPy and Matplotlib within the PyCharm IDE, generate detailed P-V, PV, and VI curves, alongside convergence and efficiency plots, validating the approach. Results demonstrate SCA-PS's superior efficiency, stability, and robustness over traditional methods, highlighting its potential for real-world PV applications. This scalable, adaptable solution advances MPPT technology, enhancing renewable energy system reliability and efficiency, and paves the way for future adaptive optimisation research.

Keywords: maximum power point tracking; MPPT; photovoltaic systems; sine cosine algorithm with pattern search; SCA-PS; P&O algorithm; efficiency optimisation.

DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.155048

International Journal of Power Electronics, 2026 Vol.22 No.4, pp.430 - 454

Received: 30 Apr 2025
Accepted: 06 Aug 2025
Published online: 24 Jul 2026 *

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