Title: CKSO-BiLSTM: energy management strategy of hybrid electric vehicles using optimised torque controller

Authors: Haripriya H. Kulkarni; Manasi P. Deore; Netra Lokhande; Vidula S. Jape; Anagha Rahul Soman; Vidya P. Kodgirwar

Addresses: Department of Electrical Engineering, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Pimpri, Pune-411018, Sant Tukaram Nagar, India ' Department of Electrical Engineering, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Pimpri, Pune-411018, Sant Tukaram Nagar, India ' School of Electrical Engineering, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, India ' Department of Electrical Engineering, PES's Modern College of Engineering, Pune, India ' Department of Electrical Engineering, Marathwada Mitra Mandal's College of Engineering, Karvenagar, Pune, India ' Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, PES's Modern College of Engineering, Pune, India

Abstract: Optimal voltage vectors are selected to reduce the torque ripples and current harmonics and the control performance is improved. Multi-layer features and attention mechanisms are integrated to control the torque in the bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) model. The dynamic performance of the motor is enhanced by calculating the torque and load variations. Function dimensionality is increased by the proposed optimisation to solve the design problems and derive the finite solutions. The proposed collaborative knowledge sharing optimisation (CKSO) is used for the power consumption of the motor and finds the optimal torque for the motor operation. The proposed method CKSO-BiLSTM outperformed the results of dq current, mechanical power, RPM, speed and torque values are 230.32 A, 19.04, 64.12, 26.67 m/s and 24.82 N-m. These outperformed results prove the effectiveness of the model and accurate control of torque.

Keywords: bidirectional long short-term memory; BiLSTM; torque control; collaborative knowledge sharing optimisation; CKSO; electric vehicles and energy management system.

DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.155042

International Journal of Power Electronics, 2026 Vol.22 No.4, pp.378 - 408

Received: 17 May 2025
Accepted: 07 Sep 2025
Published online: 24 Jul 2026 *

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