Article: Design and implementation of an immersive virtual simulation learning system for Chinese tea culture Journal: International Journal of Information and Communication Technology (IJICT) 2026 Vol.27 No.78 pp.103 - 113 Abstract: Teaching Chinese tea culture to international students remains difficult in a conventional classroom because key elements of tea practice, including utensil handling, brewing sequence, and the cultural atmosphere of the tea room, are hard to reproduce authentically. This study presents the design and classroom implementation of an immersive virtual simulation learning system based on browser/server architecture to address this gap. The system integrates three learning scenes, namely the tea culture corridor, tea garden roaming and tea room experience, and organises procedural tasks through a finite-state-machine interaction model. Multimodal guidance, including voice explanation, subtitles, icons, and real-time prompts, is provided to support learners from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. The system was applied in three rounds of teaching involving 300 international students. Classroom records showed stable completion of tea-making tasks, effective retention of core cultural knowledge, and comprehensive learning logs for instructional review. Compared with the baseline classroom condition, the virtual simulation classes demonstrated higher engagement, task completion, and satisfaction at the descriptive level. These findings suggest that browser-based virtual simulation can serve as a practical instructional approach for cross-cultural tea culture education in universities. Inderscience Publishers - linking academia, business and industry through research

Title: Design and implementation of an immersive virtual simulation learning system for Chinese tea culture

Authors: Yili Dong; Hao Meng

Addresses: Chinese Language and Culture College, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China ' School of Computing and Information Technology (SCIT), Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, Australia

Abstract: Teaching Chinese tea culture to international students remains difficult in a conventional classroom because key elements of tea practice, including utensil handling, brewing sequence, and the cultural atmosphere of the tea room, are hard to reproduce authentically. This study presents the design and classroom implementation of an immersive virtual simulation learning system based on browser/server architecture to address this gap. The system integrates three learning scenes, namely the tea culture corridor, tea garden roaming and tea room experience, and organises procedural tasks through a finite-state-machine interaction model. Multimodal guidance, including voice explanation, subtitles, icons, and real-time prompts, is provided to support learners from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. The system was applied in three rounds of teaching involving 300 international students. Classroom records showed stable completion of tea-making tasks, effective retention of core cultural knowledge, and comprehensive learning logs for instructional review. Compared with the baseline classroom condition, the virtual simulation classes demonstrated higher engagement, task completion, and satisfaction at the descriptive level. These findings suggest that browser-based virtual simulation can serve as a practical instructional approach for cross-cultural tea culture education in universities.

Keywords: virtual simulation; cross-cultural education; learning system; human-computer interaction; learning behaviour analysis.

DOI: 10.1504/IJICT.2026.155028

International Journal of Information and Communication Technology, 2026 Vol.27 No.78, pp.103 - 113

Received: 18 Mar 2026
Accepted: 27 Apr 2026
Published online: 22 Jul 2026 *

Title: Design and implementation of an immersive virtual simulation learning system for Chinese tea culture

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