Title: Innovative applications and recent developments in microbial fuel cells: a comprehensive review

Authors: Satyajit M. Deshmukh; Sonali R. Dhokpande; Amaya A. Sankhe

Addresses: Chemical Engineering Department, Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400708, India ' Chemical Engineering Department, Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400708, India ' School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalyan Campus, Maharashtra 421301, India

Abstract: Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are emerging technologies that generate power from organic materials. This review highlights recent advancements in MFCs, focusing on improvements in power output through the use of materials like carbon nanotubes, graphene, and conductive polymers. It covers key factors such as bioelectricity production efficiency, energy demand, investment costs, and environmental sustainability. The review examines various MFC types, microbial catalysts, and their interactions with electrodes, along with strategies to optimise substrate use, including waste products and microbial consortia. Additionally, the removal of contaminants like metals, phosphorus, and nitrogen in wastewater is discussed. The potential for small-scale MFC applications and the challenges of scaling up for industrial uses, such as wastewater treatment, bioelectricity generation, and biohydrogen production, are explored. The review offers valuable insights for researchers and engineers in bioelectrochemical systems, guiding future advancements in MFC technology.

Keywords: microbial fuel cells; MFCs; bioelectrochemical systems; renewable energy; MFC applications; sustainable technology; wastewater treatment; biohydrogen production.

DOI: 10.1504/IJEWM.2026.153970

International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 2026 Vol.40 No.1, pp.1 - 26

Received: 19 Jul 2024
Accepted: 12 Nov 2024
Published online: 09 Jun 2026 *

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