Title: Design and efficiency analysis of lead free inorganic perovskite solar cells: the future solar technology

Authors: Gurpreet Kaur; Hemant Kumar

Addresses: Department of Electrical Engineering, Guru Kashi University, Bathinda, Punjab, India ' Department of Electrical Engineering, Guru Kashi University, Bathinda, Punjab, India

Abstract: This paper presents theoretical research on perovskite solar cells (PSC). In today's energy landscape, the focus has shifted toward pollution-free energy generation while adhering to economic constraints. Renewable sources like solar and wind have taken a leading role in this transition. Due to their promising potential, this study emphasises the growing relevance of solar technologies in the renewable energy sector. The Earth receives a tremendous amount of solar radiation, which serves as a clean and environmentally friendly energy source. Photovoltaic (PV) devices can directly convert this solar energy into electrical energy however, traditional solar cells suffer from low efficiency and high manufacturing costs. Currently, researchers are increasingly exploring PSCs due to their superior PV performance. These next-generation solar cells offer a cost-effective alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells while achieving comparable efficiencies. In this study, we used cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) and tungsten trioxide (WO₃) as the hole and electron transport materials, respectively. We constructed the PSC structure using cesium tin halide-based perovskite, resulting in the configuration of Cu₂O/Cs₂SnI₆/WO₃. Our simulation results show that this configuration enhances the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by up to 31%.

Keywords: inorganic perovskite solar cell; power conversion efficiency; PCE; hole transport material; electron transport material.

DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.153512

International Journal of Power Electronics, 2026 Vol.22 No.3, pp.342 - 354

Received: 03 Feb 2025
Accepted: 24 Jun 2025
Published online: 12 May 2026 *

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