Title: Election process using blockchain: an innovative strategy for transparent voting

Authors: Mohit Kumar Arya; Nishant Mathur; Sanjeev Kumar; Yashwant Singh Bisht; Virendra Singh Rana

Addresses: The ICFAI University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India ' The ICFAI University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India ' The ICFAI University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India ' Department of Mechanical Engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, 248007, India ' The ICFAI University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract: To overcome the inadequacies of India's electronic voting systems with respect to security, auditability, reliability, and trust, this study proposes a blockchain-based solution that attempts to improve the glitches of electronic voting machine (EVM) tampering and data integrity issues. The proposed three-phase authentication (ThPA) model compares feature-wise with the existing models such as Follow My Vote, Agora Blockchain, and Polys. The design architecture of our proposed model is described in two stages. The first stage is voter validation through biometric data and storing information into a blockchain server, and the second stage has three-way voter authentication encryption, which is utilised for voting by using voter-registered data for identification and authorisation. The model characteristics found out that it used multilayer authentication, less energy consumption and is both highly secure and scalable. The proposed ThPA, can enhance the electoral process itself in India by enabling transparent and auditable elections.

Keywords: blockchain technology; e-voter; Indian voting system; transparent voting; three-way authentication; unique identification number.

DOI: 10.1504/EG.2026.153479

Electronic Government, an International Journal, 2026 Vol.22 No.3, pp.301 - 321

Received: 17 Jun 2024
Accepted: 25 Mar 2025
Published online: 11 May 2026 *

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